2026 Municipal Election: Hanover Candidate Q + A

My experience, community involvement, and years on Council have shaped the priorities I believe matter most for Hanover’s future. I want to see those priorities acted on.

My work career gave me valuable experience in financial accountability, human resource management, customer service, and municipal partner relationships. That experience and my eight years on Hanover council serves me well in the role of municipal governance.

My approach to life is one of calm and balance and being a thoughtful listener. I follow the philosophy of, “Seek first to understand and then to be understood,” because good leadership begins with listening. The outcome may not always be what someone hoped for, but every resident deserves to know their voice was heard, considered and respected.

A world with significantly increased inflation and the need for major infrastructure updates has put tremendous financial pressure on local taxpayers. We need to identify and act on every practical opportunity to control costs. This will require collaboration with community partners and neighbouring municipalities to create cost saving practices that allow us to supply the high-quality goods and services our residents deserve

Our 8.2% levy increase in 2026 is not sustainable and we need to find ways to reduce future increases.

Looking ahead, I see several priorities that need practical and immediate attention. I will work to make the most of Hanover’s newly expanded boundary, support responsible job creation, and promote amenities that serve current residents of all ages

A transit system to serve our rural area would need to include a door-to-door component similar to what Saugeen Mobility currently offers. The provincial funding to initiate this study and start up funds are appreciated but unless the province can promise ongoing financial support I do not believe we can support it on the backs of our local ratepayers.

Living within our means is the first step. Increased economic development, especially commercial and industrial is required to help fund infrastructure upgrades and expansion. I believe we need to explore possible Municipal Service Corporation options that are starting to present themselves.

We need to educate ourselves on the impacts these centres might have on our community. While I like the idea of the employment opportunities, we need to learn a lot more about the impact these operations have on the core fabric of our community and society as a whole.

Controlling costs is paramount. High taxes have a direct impact on development and affordability. Investigating what community improvement plan program options might be allowed legislatively and what funding mechanism would be allowed such as development charges to finance these options need to be looked at. Partnering with not-for-profit organizations is also a key part of increasing the supply of affordable housing.

There is always more to be done. The County currently operates hundreds of housing units, they operate a transitional housing centre in Owen Sound, they purchased a motel for emergency shelter, they work with independent hotel operators to supplement the County run facilities for emergency shelter. The SOS (supportive outreach service) helps those in crisis.  Continuing to work with and support the County on this challenge is the best approach.

We need commercial growth and employment opportunities. I feel our best option is to attract industries that are focused on the transitional energy sector, the opportunities that the medical isotope future creates and skilled trades.

Hanover has shown its commitment to greener energy with our recent net zero fire hall – we need to showcase that project and connect to related industries.

We have committed to supporting the Southwestern Ontario Isotope Coalition, we need to not only support but engage with that industry in hopes of attracting related employment

Skilled trades are in short supply; we need to capitalize on the opportunities that demand creates. Teaming up with local contractors and expanding local skilled trades training facilities.

Making sure our staff are focused on making development as streamlined as possible will assist with potential developers choosing Hanover as their destination for investment is critical.

I am running to serve the community, provide strong leadership, and help plan and build for Hanover’s future. I have a contribution to make, ideas to share, and a passion and commitment to represent our community with integrity. It has been my distinct honour to serve as mayor of Hanover for the past twelve years, and I would like to continue to advance our vision of Hanover as a progressive community with a small-town character where people feel welcomed and valued. I have always been proud to call Hanover my home and I remain dedicated to moving our town forward.

Hanover has been my home for almost my entire life. I attended public school and secondary school in Hanover and later studied at Georgian College in Owen Sound. Before retiring, I worked fourteen years with Hanover & District Hospital Foundation and sixteen years in Administration at P & H Foods, giving me a strong connection to the people and organizations that shape our community. I have served Hanover for more than two decades. First elected to Council in 2003, I completed three terms as a councillor before being elected Mayor, a role I have been honoured to hold for the past twelve years. These experiences have provided me with a deep understanding of municipal operations, community priorities, and the importance of collaborative leadership.

I bring both lived experience and extensive municipal experience to decisionmaking. I believe strongly in the democratic process and in considering the full range of perspectives when making choices that affect our community. I listen carefully to constituents, seek advice from diverse viewpoints, and take the time to understand both the impacts and the benefits of any decision. Ensuring all voices are heard, weighed, and respected leads to balanced, informed outcomes. I also make decisions with the long term in mind, planning ten, twenty, or thirty years ahead. I am committed to doing what is right for the entire community, even when a decision may be unpopular. My focus is always on what will best support Hanover’s future.

Municipalities do not control many of the major factors that influence the cost of living, but we can take steps to support residents. We can focus on maintaining essential services efficiently, planning responsibly, and ensuring taxpayer dollars are used wisely. Encouraging attainable and affordable housing options, investing in infrastructure, and strengthening partnerships with community organizations all help reduce pressures on residents. We can also work to attract and retain businesses, creating local employment opportunities.

Hanover has a relatively small assessment base and a large number of services and programs to sustain with that base. No one wants to pay more taxes, but many residents are just as concerned about losing services. It is essential that we continue to manage taxpayer dollars carefully and transparently. I believe the focus must remain on maintaining core services, finding efficiencies, and leveraging external funding wherever possible to reduce pressure on the local tax rate.

Hanover faces many challenges, and they are increasingly interconnected. Housing availability and housing choice, costofliving pressures, and local employment opportunities all influence one another. Municipalities, community organizations, and all levels of government are working to address these issues and to mitigate their impacts on residents. Longterm solutions begin with prevention. Ensuring people have access to a living wage and supportive services can help stabilize basic needs and reduce pressure on other systems. When communities can meet essential needs, they are better positioned to thrive. The historic Boundary Adjustment Agreement between West Grey and Hanover gives us the foundation we need: supporting economic prosperity, job creation, and a wider supply and choice of housing for people at all stages of life.

A regional transit system should help people move efficiently between communities for work, medical appointments, education, and leisure. Regional transit benefits multiple municipalities and serves broader provincial objectives such as workforce mobility, economic development, and access to essential services. It should be funded primarily by the province. Municipal budgets are already under pressure, and as provincial funding winds down, the cost of maintaining or expanding transit services will become difficult for local taxpayers to absorb.

Maintaining municipal services and infrastructure is essential. Our asset management plan is the foundation for this work. It provides a clear picture of the condition of the town’s buildings, roads, and equipment, the level of service each asset needs to deliver, and the most costeffective way to maintain, repair, or replace them over time. By planning ahead and managing risks, we avoid unexpected costs and reduce pressure on the tax rate.

Preparing a by-law can set clear expectations up front if a municipality expects interest in AI data centres. Permitted locations, servicing requirements, noise standards, energy use, and environmental impact would provide the municipality and investor with clear rules. The development would need to align with community goals.

Housing is complex, and increasing supply requires coordination across many partners. Grey County is responsible for rentgearedtoincome housing, supportive housing, and a range of housing and rental programs delivered in partnership with stakeholders and nonprofit organizations. Our municipality works closely with Grey County and advocates for increased housing when resources and funding become available. Both the County’s Official Plan and Hanover’s Official Plan encourage a full range of housing options in new developments. Hanover supports intensification, tiny homes, secondary suites, and additional rental units to expand choice and affordability. Some developments may qualify for assistance through programs such as the Community Improvement Plan, the Tax Incentive Equivalent Grant, or exemptions from County development charges, each with its own eligibility criteria. Municipalities can also advocate to the province for policies that require affordable and attainable units in all new developments, helping ensure that growth meets the needs of all residents.

To address homelessness, we need to focus on prevention as much as response. Reaching people before they fall into poverty is essential, and that means supporting policies that help people earn a living wage and access the services they need early. While Grey County leads social services and housing programs, municipalities can advocate for stronger provincial support and improved incomebased programs. Municipalities, the County, and the province are working to manage the effects of poverty; the real progress comes when we work together to prevent poverty in the first place.

At this time, no specific development is planned; however, future growth is expected to include commercial, industrial, and residential uses. Upcoming updates to the Official Plan and Comprehensive Zoning By-law will outline how development is intended to evolve. When the Town of Hanover or the County of Grey update their official plans or the Town’s zoning by-law with specific designations or zones, further public consultation will occur, including public meetings and opportunities for residents to provide input. As development proceeds, it will take place in phases.

I would like to bring my expertise and knowledge to help to build a stronger community, a stronger Hanover.

I have experience in management to an executive level, administration, budgeting, projection, I listen, and I like to engage with the community.

Because I have walked on people’s shoes, I know their needs, I understand their situation and I have the experience to change or improve their lives to succeed. I have knowledge of how the province works, the resources that are available and how to direct them where are needed.

By planning and budgeting keeping in mind the working class, and when allowing investors or new companies in town to tax them to benefit the town, not just to them.

It is elevated for our town; our community deserves to live without stress and uncertainty since we have everything to get stronger.

High taxes, the housing unaffordability, the increase of homeliness and the problems that come along with that as the use of drugs or abuse of them.

It should be founded by the provincial and federal government; it is to benefit the mobility to aid to decrease the economical crisis.

Planning and projecting the long- and short-term benefits and risks to the community.

Analyzing the impact, it can have and grow along as fast as technology develops.

To build houses that have the necessary for 1 person to live in, without risking safety and quality.

Provide support and awareness in mental health 365 days a year. Engage the community to do their part by no neglecting the vulnerable community and benefit from the resources available and provide by the provincial government.

The land has to be landscaped and designed thinking of the future needs of the community and neighbourhood. Responsible means waste management, industrialization, water, urbanization.

I am concerned about the affordability of living in Hanover which was my reason for relocating here. The increases in Tax levies are out of sync with the increases in total tax assessments After many discussions with others in the community they and I believe my financial management skills would be useful in addressing this by offering cost saving ideas/areas to council for consideration and action. Additionally I will be seek and offer suggestions on how to grow the tax base which if accepted would offset tax levies. I am relatively new to Hanover and have no alliances or prejudices to conflict with decisions I make.

I served for many years on the Board of a Community Care Access Centre, where I chaired both the Finance and Audit Committees and served on the CEO Selection Committee.

In addition, I have served many years as Treasurer of a Condominium Board, President and Board Member of a Fast-Pitch Softball organization involved in hosting national tournaments, and as a Junior Achievement Advisor and Board Member.

These experiences have given me considerable experience reviewing financial information, asking questions, making decisions, working with management, and providing governance and oversight.

My work experience and accounting education has me fact based and data driven in my decision making In many council meetings I have not heard enough questions surrounding the data used as justification, the value or benefits of decisions on spending.

Certainly keeping tax levies low will help existing residents and businesses as well as encourage new growth with businesses, investment and employment opportunities.

The current tax rate is too high based on the past growth of the total tax assessments and in relation to other municipalities.

Affordability. This is supported in my door to door visits with residents when asked what are their concerns. Given that Hanover has a significant number of retired/fixed income residents that live and are moving here that makes this a hot topic. Secondly traffic concerns particularly with not stopping at intersections and speeding within certain sectors in the community.

Funding should be sought from the recently announced Canada Public Transit fund and with the province, county and municipalities to accommodate such a venture. The regional transit system must be structured to address the concerns of the municipalities that would rely on this. The living wage network identified that transportation was the largest monthly cost for Grey Bruce residents when compared to the GTA which benefits from having the TTC, and the Go Train . This demonstrates the need for this study to take place for our community.

Municipal services and infrastructure costs are essential and in order to ensure that funding is maintained for that discretionary costs would be looked at as areas for reduction. This is no different that it is for households when it come to budgeting and spending. In business, processes that are repeated should provide efficiencies to reduce costs this mindset should be sought out within municipalities.

Once an application for one has been presented a strong community involvement in the decision making needs to be presented to help with determining the value to the municipality of permitting data centres.

Where possible investigate repurposing municipal properties to provide affordable housing. Investigate what other government grants are available and how incentives could be provided to encourage the developers to create such housing.

Greater community engagement has been successful in Owen Sound in addressing homelessness and sharing of those successes with municipalities within the country should be encouraged to determine the applicability in Hanover.

Lessons from past development planning needs to be kept in mind so issues such as the recent trail debacle are not repeated. Initial draft plans need to be shared with open minds for community consultation and input. Prime agricultural lands within the new boundary adjustment should be preserved and only used for alternative purposes as a last resort. There are many housing developments currently in play in Hanover. Many of these that have vacant lots, finished or nearly finished housing that is unoccupied for years. Before considering further residential development the current “idle” inventory should be considered.

I am running because I believe Hanover is at an important point in its history, and I believe my experience can help guide the community through the opportunities and challenges ahead.
I served 16 years on Hanover Council—eight as Councillor and eight as Deputy Mayor—and three terms as Warden of Grey County. I stepped away from municipal politics for four years, but I never stepped away from my community.
Hanover is growing. We now have significant new land available for housing, employment and economic development. That creates tremendous opportunity, but growth also brings responsibilities.
We need to manage growth carefully, maintain our infrastructure, protect affordability and ensure existing taxpayers aren’t left carrying an unfair share of the cost.
I am running because I care deeply about Hanover and because I believe my experience, judgment and commitment to public service can help us navigate this next chapter responsibly.
Ultimately, I want Hanover to grow while maintaining the character, sense of community and quality of life that make it such a great place to live.

I have a broad range of experience that I believe is directly relevant to municipal government.
I served 16 years on Hanover Council, including eight years as Deputy Mayor, and three terms as Warden of Grey County. That gave me experience with both local government and regional issues, as well as the relationships between different levels of government.
I have also served eight years on the Police Services Board, including four years as Chair, and previously chaired Bruce Grey Child and Family Services.
Professionally, my wife Barbara and I operate our law practice here in Hanover. Before becoming a lawyer, I worked as a social worker and consultant with two Royal Commissions.
These experiences have taught me to listen to different perspectives, understand complex issues, work within legal and financial constraints and make difficult decisions.
Municipal government is ultimately about people and communities. My experience has given me an understanding of both the technical responsibilities of government and the human impact of the decisions Council makes.

I believe effective municipal decision-making requires experience, judgment and the ability to listen.
Having spent 16 years on Hanover Council and three terms as County Warden, I understand how municipal government works and how decisions at one level can affect another.
As a lawyer, I am accustomed to examining evidence, understanding competing interests and working within legal and financial constraints. My background in social work and public service has also taught me the importance of listening to people whose perspectives may differ from my own.
I don’t believe every decision will make everyone happy. Council’s responsibility is to make decisions in the best long-term interests of the community.
For me, that means asking some basic questions: Is it financially responsible? Is it sustainable? Does it serve the broader community? And will we still believe it was the right decision ten or twenty years from now?
I would bring an independent mind, practical experience and a willingness to make difficult decisions when necessary.

Municipal government cannot solve the entire cost-of-living problem, but it can influence several important pieces of it.
Housing is one. We need to encourage a greater range of housing options, including apartments, townhouses, smaller homes, secondary suites and rental housing.
We also need to be disciplined about municipal spending. Residents should receive good value for every tax dollar, and Council should continually look for efficiencies and partnerships that allow us to maintain services without unnecessarily increasing costs.
I also believe municipalities across Ontario need to work collectively with the Province on structural pressures affecting property taxes. That includes advocating for an update to the MPAC assessment system, which remains based on 2016 valuation dates, and addressing the downloading of responsibilities to municipalities without adequate funding.
Economic development is another important part of affordability. People are better able to manage rising costs when they have access to good, stable employment.
For me, affordability means creating the conditions where people can afford not only to live in Hanover, but to work, raise a family and build a future here.

I believe residents are quite reasonably concerned about the cost of municipal government, particularly when household budgets are already under pressure.
The 2026 municipal levy increased by 8.2%, with the Town estimating an annual increase of approximately $235 for the average residential property. That is significant, and Council has to take that concern seriously.
At the same time, we need to distinguish the Town’s levy from the total property-tax bill, which also includes amounts collected for Grey County and education.
My position is that we need to be very disciplined about future increases. I won’t promise that taxes will never increase—that would not be responsible. But every increase should be justified by a clear need, and Council should continually look for efficiencies and alternative sources of revenue.
I also believe municipalities need to work collectively with the Province to address structural pressures, including updating the MPAC assessment system and reviewing the downloading of responsibilities to municipalities without adequate funding.
Taxpayers deserve transparency, accountability and a clear understanding of what they are receiving for the taxes they pay.

I believe Hanover’s number one issue is managing growth responsibly.
The boundary adjustment with West Grey has transferred approximately 1,600 acres to Hanover, creating significant opportunities for housing, employment and economic development.
But growth is not automatically beneficial. Growth requires roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, emergency services, recreation facilities and other municipal services.
Our challenge is to ensure growth strengthens Hanover rather than placing unnecessary pressure on existing taxpayers.
We need to phase development, plan infrastructure before it is required, encourage a mix of housing and employment opportunities, and ensure that new development contributes appropriately to the costs associated with growth.
At the same time, we need to protect the qualities that make Hanover attractive in the first place.
I don’t see the choice as being between growth and Hanover’s character.
The challenge is to manage growth so that we can have both.

I support a coordinated regional transit system, particularly for a rural region where traditional urban transit models don’t necessarily work.
The current Bruce-Dufferin-Grey-Wellington study’s draft proposes a unified system using a combination of fixed-route and on-demand services, with shared governance and an integrated fare structure.
For Hanover, I would want reliable connections to neighbouring communities and regional centres, but the system must be practical and financially sustainable. We shouldn’t run large empty buses simply because that is the traditional model.
I support fixed routes where there is sufficient demand, complemented by on-demand service in lower-density areas.
Funding should be shared appropriately among participating municipalities and senior levels of government, with reasonable fares contributing to operating costs.
The system should also pursue efficiencies through shared administration, vehicles, technology and existing service providers.
The goal should be a transit system that is accessible, reliable and financially sustainable—not simply a system created because we believe we should have one.

Maintaining infrastructure is not optional. The question is how we do it in the most financially responsible way.
First, we need to use our Asset Management Plan to prioritize preventative maintenance. Allowing infrastructure to deteriorate until it requires emergency replacement is generally far more expensive than maintaining it properly.
Second, growth needs to contribute appropriately to the infrastructure required to service that growth.
Third, Council should continually look for efficiencies through better procurement, technology, shared services and partnerships with Grey County and neighbouring municipalities.
But municipalities also need to advocate for a fairer relationship with the Province. That includes updating the MPAC assessment system and addressing responsibilities downloaded onto municipalities without adequate funding.
I won’t promise that taxes will never increase. That isn’t responsible government.
What I will advocate for is disciplined spending, clear business cases for major projects, proper infrastructure planning and accountability for every tax dollar.
Every project cannot be a priority, and taxpayers shouldn’t be expected to pay more simply because government hasn’t found a better way to deliver a service.

I think Hanover should be open to AI and data-centre development, while making sure we understand its implications before approving a proposal.
A major data centre could bring investment, employment and assessment growth. But it could also place significant demands on electricity, water, wastewater, roads and other infrastructure.
Council should therefore establish clear planning criteria before a proposal arrives. We should understand available infrastructure capacity, the potential economic and tax benefits, infrastructure costs, and impacts on water, noise, the environment, emergency services and neighbouring properties.
Most importantly, existing residents and businesses should not be expected to subsidize a large industrial user.
I would also want Council to work closely with the County, Province, utility providers and other municipalities because these developments can have impacts beyond Hanover’s boundaries.
My approach would be straightforward: be open to the opportunity, but do our homework first.
If a proposal provides a genuine long-term benefit to Hanover and the necessary infrastructure can be provided responsibly, we should be prepared to consider it.

The most important thing a municipality can do is make it possible to build a greater variety of housing.
We need to move beyond the assumption that every new home should be a detached single-family house. Hanover needs apartments, townhouses, semi-detached homes, smaller homes, secondary suites, rental housing and homes suitable for seniors and first-time buyers.
We should encourage infill and appropriate density where infrastructure already exists. That can add housing without immediately requiring expensive extensions of roads, water and wastewater infrastructure.
The Town should also examine its own surplus or underused properties to determine whether some could support affordable or attainable housing through partnerships with Grey County, non-profits or private developers.
The new lands acquired from West Grey give Hanover an opportunity to plan for housing over the long term.
Most importantly, we need housing across the continuum—from deeply affordable and supportive housing to rental, first-time-buyer and market housing.
The goal should be to give people choices at different stages of their lives while keeping municipal servicing costs manageable.

Homelessness is a regional issue, and Grey County has primary responsibility for social housing and homelessness services. But that doesn’t mean Hanover Council doesn’t have a role.
I would advocate for a strong partnership among Hanover, Grey County, local service organizations, police and health providers so that people experiencing homelessness can be connected with appropriate supports.
I also believe we need to focus on prevention. Once someone becomes chronically homeless, the problem becomes much more difficult to address.
That means supporting affordable and supportive housing, mental-health and addiction services, emergency shelter capacity and programs that help people remain housed in the first place.
I would also advocate for Hanover to work collectively with other municipalities and the Province where provincial responsibilities and funding are involved. Municipalities should not simply be expected to absorb downloaded responsibilities without the resources to address them.
Grey County’s Colour It Home strategy takes a continuum approach, from prevention and emergency housing through supportive and permanent housing.
Homelessness is not just a housing issue. It is a community issue, and it requires a coordinated community response.

The acquisition of approximately 1,600 acres from West Grey gives Hanover an extraordinary opportunity, but it also gives us a significant responsibility.
I would encourage growth through a phased approach. We should not try to develop all of the land at once. Infrastructure should be planned and extended as development occurs, rather than putting expensive infrastructure in place years before it is needed.
We need a balanced mix of residential, commercial and industrial development so that Hanover isn’t simply becoming a bedroom community. We need homes, but we also need jobs and a broader tax base.
We should encourage different forms of housing so that growth contributes to affordability.
We should also protect agricultural land, natural areas and the small-town character that makes Hanover attractive. Existing farming can continue on the transferred lands, and landowners are not required to develop their properties.
Most importantly, growth needs to make financial sense.
We have an opportunity to shape Hanover for the next 25, 50 and even 100 years. We should do it deliberately, responsibly and with a clear plan—ensuring that growth contributes fairly to the infrastructure and services it requires.

I am running for re-election for council because I feel that I still have a lot to give back to the municipality. I am very keen to be part of the direction of council moving forward with our numerous goals and projects.

I have been a small business owner for the past 16 years and have been actively involved with community groups in fundraising roles. The past term has given me insight into budgets, asset management/infrastructure issues as well as zoning and development.

I have a deep respect for all of our residents and their various financial situations so I have a passion to keep taxes and user fees affordable to all.

I strive to see the overall generational picture for land use, services and new builds. I am an active listener and probe deeply into issues asking many questions in order to make informed decisions.

Control service fees, budget restraints to keep tax levy reasonable, incentivize non- profit housing.

Our current tax rate will not be sustainable moving forward. Careful budget scrutiny, capital projects and asset management scheduling will have to be carefully considered moving forward to coincide with economic growth potential.

There are two issues of equal importance to our residence of Hanover. One is the high tax rate and the other is affordable housing.

I am waiting on study data from professionals before making a decision what the transit system would look like. It would need to be supported by multi layered funding including permanent federal programs and provincial initiatives. Passenger fares would not cover the cost of operations.

Implement vacancy/empty homes taxes, development fee implementation, insightful asset management planning (lifecycles vs necessary repairs), operational efficiencies, targeted grants and lobby for a fairer share of national tax revenues.

Have clear land use and zoning policies in place, address power and grid capacity as well as water consumption for cooling systems. Questions regarding economic returns, job creation and community investments would need to be addressed.

Lease or transfer surplus municipal land to non-profit housing providers for nominal or reduced costs. Provide tax incentives to help independent owners operate sustainably without pricing out tenants.

Public communication sessions bringing together police, health professionals and direct action groups to advocate for coordinated local solutions.

This would also help to address NIMBYism opposition concerns.

Keeping in mind that this land is privately owned, careful consideration needs to be taken.

Combining infrastructure readiness, financial incentives and streamlining regulations to lower the cost and risk of investment.

Work with other regional economic development agencies who specialize in site selection and business matchmaking.

Emphasize what makes our community distinct as well as the services and amenities already in place.

It has been an honour serving the residents of Hanover as a member of Council since 2018. I have genuinely enjoyed my time on Council. I find the work interesting and rewarding, and I particularly value connecting with residents, helping find answers and solutions to questions or concerns. Those conversations have given me a much better understanding of what matters to our community.
Over the past eight years, I have gained valuable experience and a deeper understanding of the opportunities and challenges facing Hanover. I am proud of the progress we have made, including completing our long-awaited boundary adjustment, supporting the construction of our splash pad, and investing in major infrastructure such as our new water tower, fire station and wastewater treatment upgrades.
Looking ahead, I want to build on that progress through thoughtful long-term planning, responsible financial stewardship and continued investment in our community. As we plan for growth, we cannot lose sight of the residents and neighbourhoods that are already here. Maintaining and improving our existing roads, facilities, parks and services
must remain a priority.
We have a responsibility to make sound decisions today that will serve our community for generations to come.

Community service and the desire to give back have long been important to me.

My interest in governance began at Trent University, where I was elected at 18 years old as the student representative on the Trent Board of Governors. The Board oversaw matters including finances, land acquisition, strategic planning, university expansion and the performance of the University President. Over 3 years, I learned a great deal from experienced, community-minded board members.

I also served on the TD Friends of the Environment Foundation Board for the Peterborough-Lindsay Chapter and as Chair of the Trent Central Student Association.

After returning to Hanover in 2015, I served as a Governor and later Vice-Chair of the Hanover & District Hospital Board. This gave me valuable experience with governance, strategic planning, and the complexities of providing community health care.

Since 2018, I have served as a Hanover Councillor. I have gained a much deeper understanding of municipal government, our community and the complexities of balancing resident service expectations with growing financial pressures. I have served on several Town committees and community boards, including Parks & Recreation, Committee of Adjustment, the Fire Station Build Committee and the Hanover, Bentinck & Brant Agricultural Society Board of Directors.

I believe effective decision-making starts with understanding the issue, considering different perspectives and looking at the long-term consequences of a decision, not just what may be easiest today.

My eight years on Council have given me a strong understanding of how municipal decisions affect residents, businesses, community organizations and the Town’s finances. I have learned that good decisions require balancing different priorities and perspectives, while keeping the broader interests of Hanover in mind.

I also believe financial responsibility needs to be part of every decision. We need to understand what a project or initiative will cost, how it will be funded, and what impact it will have on taxpayers and future budgets.

At the same time, I think it is important to be open-minded and willing to critically reflect on your position as new information and perspectives arise. Not every decision will make everyone happy, but Council needs to make decisions based on the best information available and what is in the long-term interest of Hanover.

I will continue to approach Council decisions with that mindset: practical, thoughtful and focused on both Hanover today and the community we want to build for the future.

I know many residents are feeling pressure from the high costs of living, with household expenses increasing faster than wages.

Responsible financial management is critical. I do not believe an 8.2% increase in the Town’s levy is reasonable, particularly when residents are already facing increased costs in so many areas. We need to carefully evaluate spending, find efficiencies and prioritize the services and investments that matter most. We also need to be mindful of user fees for Town services and facilities, such as pool admission, day camp costs and baseball diamond rentals. These fees should remain reasonable and not create unnecessary barriers for residents accessing the services and facilities available in our community.

We can also support housing options, encourage new residential development and work to grow our commercial and industrial tax base so that the costs of municipal services can be shared amongst a broader tax base. More businesses and local, good paying, employment opportunities can strengthen our community.

Our goal should be to make Hanover a place where people can afford to live, work and build their future.

I have heard very clearly from residents that property taxes are a real concern. People understand that municipal services and infrastructure cost money, but 8% increases cannot become the expectation or the norm.

I do not believe the current pace of tax increases is sustainable. The 2026 municipal levy increased by 8.2%, and I believe Council needs to do more to find efficiencies, carefully prioritize spending and consider the impact on taxpayers.

During the 2026 Mayoral Budget process, I was one of three Council members who proposed amendments to reduce the levy. Ultimately, none were approved. That experience reinforced for me the need for Council to have a more deliberate discussion about priorities and affordability during the budget process.

We also need better long-term financial and capital planning. Hanover has significant aging infrastructure that must be replaced in a sustainable manner. We need to plan ahead, prioritize projects and consider how we can spread costs over time.

Reasonable tax increases will be necessary. However, I do not believe 8% increases should become the standard. We need to balance maintaining the services and infrastructure our community relies on with what residents can reasonably afford.

I believe the Number 1 issue facing Hanover is managing growth responsibly while maintaining the community and infrastructure we already have.

Hanover is entering an important period of growth and opportunity following the boundary adjustment. We have the potential for more housing, businesses, employment and investment, but growth also brings costs and new demands on infrastructure and municipal services.

We need to make sure we are planning ahead rather than simply responding to one major expense after another. That means long-term financial and capital planning, responsible property tax increases, and making sure new development contributes appropriately to the infrastructure and services it requires.

At the same time, we cannot focus so heavily on growth that we overlook existing neighbourhoods. Roads, water and wastewater infrastructure, parks, recreation facilities and other services need continued investment and maintenance.

I see the challenge as finding the right balance: growing Hanover in a thoughtful way, keeping our community affordable, and making sure the decisions we make today leave us in a strong position 10, 20 and 30+ years from now.

I support the idea of better regional transportation, providing an affordable alternative to vehicle ownership and assisting residents in maintaining their independence. A regional system could make it easier for people to access health care, employment, education, shopping and other services across our communities.

As a small, rural municipality, we must work in partnership to make this a reality. I would like to see a combination of reliable community-to-community routes alongside flexible, on-demand service. The transit system must connect effectively with existing systems such as Owen Sound Transit, Guelph Transit and GO Transit to ensure residents can navigate not only Grey-Bruce, but also connect to larger urban centres.

Funding needs to be sustainable. I would want to see provincial and federal funding maximized, along with reasonable fares and other revenue opportunities such as advertising. Municipal contributions must be predictable and fairly distributed based on the level of service provided in each area.

Long-term planning and responsible asset management are critical to maintaining municipal services and infrastructure without placing excessive pressure on taxpayers.

We need a better understanding of the useful life and current condition of our existing assets. We should not replace something simply because it has reached a certain age. Decisions must consider each asset’s actual condition, remaining useful life, maintenance needs and the cost of replacement.

We also need to maximize provincial and federal funding opportunities to reduce the portion of project costs paid by the Town. As Hanover grows, we should also ensure that new development contributes appropriately to the infrastructure and services required to support that growth.

The budget process must always be taken seriously. We need to continually look for operational efficiencies and hold the line on unnecessary operating increases so that more of our available funds can support capital investments in roads, sidewalks, water and wastewater infrastructure, facilities and other municipal assets.

Finally, the Town’s upcoming Legacy Fund, created from the proceeds of the Westario Power transaction, provides an opportunity to dedicate those proceeds to capital needs rather than ongoing operating expenses. This can help address infrastructure costs while reducing pressure on future property tax increases.

There are currently no plans for an AI data centre in Hanover, but I think this is an example of why we need to be prepared for the types of industrial investment that may come forward in the future.

We need to continue planning for, and investing in, the infrastructure required to support new industrial development, including servicing lands north of the Saugeen River for our next Business/Industrial Park. That means understanding and addressing our capacity for water, wastewater, electricity, roads and other infrastructure.

I believe in doing the homework on these opportunities, asking difficult questions and being willing to voice a differing opinion when the facts warrant it. If a major industrial or data-centre proposal came forward, we must carefully consider both the economic benefits and the infrastructure and financial implications for Hanover and its taxpayers.

Municipalities have an important role to play in increasing housing supply by making sure our planning and zoning policies allow a range of housing options.

Hanover has already taken some positive steps, including allowing additional dwelling units and a broader range of housing types. I would support reviewing Hanover’s zoning requirements such as minimum lot sizes, setbacks and parking standards to determine whether they are limiting housing options, while still respecting the character of existing neighbourhoods. I would love to see a resurgence of the wartime home design, offering a smaller, more affordable option for people entering the housing market or looking to downsize.

We should also make better use of existing buildings and underutilized properties. Hanover’s Community Improvement Program is designed to incentivize attainable housing, including purpose-built rental housing, and I would support continuing to use these tools strategically.

As Hanover grows, we should plan for a mix of housing for seniors, families, young people, those looking to rent and those looking to enter the housing market. The Town’s role is to remove unnecessary barriers, encourage a broader range of housing and work with developers, non-profit organizations and other levels of government to create more attainable housing options.

As a lower-tier municipality, we must recognize that Grey County has the primary responsibility for housing and homelessness services, but I believe the Town still has an important role to play as a partner and advocate.

Hanover Council must advocate for continued investment by the County in deeply affordable and supportive housing, including housing that provides the wraparound supports some residents need to maintain stable housing. Preventing homelessness is also important, which means increasing the supply of attainable rental housing, rent-geared-to-income units, and supporting programs that help people before they lose their home.

I also believe we should follow through on an action already identified in Hanover’s Strategic Plan: Assessing Town-owned properties to determine whether they could support affordable housing options. This could provide an opportunity to work with Grey County, non-profit organizations, developers and other levels of government to create additional housing options in the Town of Hanover.

As a Council we must continue advocating to upper levels of government for funding and programs that recognize the unique challenges of homelessness in rural communities. Ultimately, I believe we need to approach homelessness with both compassion and practical action: more housing options, better supports, early intervention and strong partnerships.

The boundary adjustment creates a significant opportunity for Hanover, but we also have a responsibility to approach growth thoughtfully and with a long-term view.

There is a financial reality related to the boundary adjustment that we need to acknowledge. Hanover will provide $10 million to West Grey over 20 years. This will be funded through tax revenue from the transferred lands, a 0.5% annual levy increase for five years and the use of Town reserves.

Planning for servicing will be key so appropriate development can move forward on these new lands, resulting in increased assessment and tax revenue for Hanover. Over time, this new assessment will help offset the cost of the annual repayment and ensure existing taxpayers are not left to carry the entire burden.

Growth cannot simply be about developing land as quickly as possible. We need a clear plan for a mix of housing, commercial and industrial opportunities, with the infrastructure, roads, parks, recreation and services needed to support that growth.

Long-term financial and capital planning will be critical. I want to see us move forward with growth that is financially responsible, strengthens our existing community and leaves Hanover in a strong position 10, 20 and 30+ years from now.

I grew up in Hanover and moved back in 2024 because this is where I want to raise my growing family. With a baby on the way, the decisions being made today about what Hanover will look like in five, ten or twenty years feel especially important to me.

I’ve spent years working professionally with municipalities across Ontario and want to put that experience to use in public service. That work has shown me how much thoughtful local leadership matters, particularly when municipalities are balancing growing demands, aging infrastructure and limited financial resources.

Strong councils also need a range of backgrounds and perspectives around the table. As a younger resident, I can bring a perspective that should be part of those conversations, alongside the experience of residents who have lived here for decades.

I’m running because I care about Hanover and have something useful to contribute. I want residents to be meaningfully involved in decisions that affect them, and I want those decisions to be made with a clear understanding of their costs, benefits, and long-term consequences. The choices Council makes today will help shape the community that our children will inherit.

Throughout my career, I’ve spent years working directly with municipalities across Ontario, gaining firsthand experience with the processes, responsibilities and challenges involved in local government.

I run Fiddleleaf Accessibility Services, where I work with municipal teams to improve how they communicate information and deliver accessible digital content to residents. That involves consulting on strategies to take complex information and determine how to present it clearly to the people they serve.

That experience has given me an appreciation for the work municipal staff do, the regulatory environment they operate within, and the importance of ensuring residents can understand and participate in local decisions.

It has also allowed me to see how different municipalities approach similar challenges. Some have strong processes for engaging the public and examining proposals before decisions are made. Others encounter avoidable difficulties because questions weren’t asked or information wasn’t communicated early enough.

Those observations would inform my work as a councillor. Elected officials and municipal staff have different responsibilities, and effective governance depends on both fulfilling their respective roles. Staff bring their expertise and analysis, while Councillors must ask informed questions, challenge assumptions where needed, and remain accountable for the priorities they set and the decisions they make.

Effective decision-making starts with understanding the issue, understanding the community, asking good questions, and being willing to consider perspectives that challenge your initial assumptions.

Municipal decisions involve competing priorities, limited resources, and long-term consequences. Rarely will a solution make everybody happy, and Councillors must be comfortable making difficult choices.

My approach is to listen carefully to residents, examine the information and recommendations provided by staff, understand the financial and practical trade-offs, and make a decision based on the best available evidence. Staff reports matter, but Council also has a responsibility to scrutinize proposals and ask questions when something is unclear.

Respectful disagreement among Councillors is healthy. Council should be a place where assumptions are tested, and problems or differences of opinion in our community are identified before a decision is made, rather than only after people are unhappy with the result.

Years of working with municipalities has also taught me the importance of understanding what local government can realistically accomplish, when to involve other levels of government and when the responsible answer is no, or not yet.

Many pressures residents face today, including grocery prices, interest rates and the cost of gas, are driven by forces within Provincial or Federal control. As aspirational as a municipal council might be, it cannot directly enact changes on those decisions, and too often municipal candidates overspeak on what can actually be done at the municipal level on some of these frustrating matters.

There are, however, areas where municipal decisions make a real difference. Property taxes, user fees, infrastructure investment, and the cost of delivering local services all affect household budgets. Decisions around planning and development can also influence local business opportunities and housing costs. Council has a responsibility to manage these factors carefully and ensure residents receive good value for the money they contribute.

My focus would be responsible spending, thoughtful planning and practical choices in the areas where Council can genuinely make a difference, while continuing to advocate for our community’s needs with other levels of government on issues where Hanover cannot move the needle on our own.

Hanover’s current tax burden and the pace of recent increases are concerning, particularly as residents face rising costs in nearly every aspect of daily life.

Hanover has real obligations to maintain services and aging infrastructure. Construction costs have risen, and putting off necessary maintenance can leave taxpayers with much bigger bills down the road. Those pressures need to be acknowledged, but they should also lead to Council making more disciplined decisions about what to fund and when.

Every expenditure has an opportunity cost. Approving one project may mean delaying another, drawing on reserves or raising taxes. Council needs to carefully examine the timing and ongoing expenses that come with each decision, rather than looking only at the cost implications in the current budget year.

That discipline will be especially important as Hanover plans for future growth. The recent boundary adjustment creates long-term opportunities, but infrastructure expansion can also leave existing taxpayers carrying significant costs when investments are made too early.

Residents deserve a council that challenges spending proposals, sets clear priorities and treats affordability as a serious consideration in every budget.

Hanover’s most important challenge in 2026 is improving how Council and the Town communicate with residents and involves them in community decisions.

Over the coming years, Hanover will face difficult choices about growth, infrastructure, municipal services, and how limited tax dollars are spent. People will have different priorities and legitimate disagreements about what should happen. That makes clear communication and meaningful engagement essential.

Residents should understand what Council is considering, why a decision is necessary, what alternatives exist, and what each option may mean. Just as importantly, they should have meaningful opportunities to provide input at decision time, rather than uncovering projects and initiatives only after the direction has effectively been chosen.

My professional work focuses on helping municipalities communicate information clearly and accessibly. I’ve seen how much the way information is shared can affect whether people understand an issue and feel able to participate.

Public consultation won’t eliminate disagreement, and that shouldn’t be the goal. Council still has to make decisions, and sometimes that means unpopular ones. But people deserve a process in which they are informed, heard and treated respectfully.

Before committing to deeper regional transit, we need to establish what transportation problems we’re trying to solve to ensure a solution scales to what small rural communities can practically support.

Moving people across four large, predominantly rural counties is very different from operating transit within a city. A useful service must take people where they need to go, at times that work for them, and often enough to be practical. That’s an incredibly challenging proposition across disparate populations.

Long-term affordability matters. Temporary provincial funding can make early service inexpensive, but Grey County’s projected annual contribution could eventually approach $1.5 million. Before committing taxpayers to that subsidy, we need evidence of demand and a better understanding of whether the level of service provided by such a program truly meets the inter-county transportation needs of residents.

There may be particular routes or targeted services that make good sense, and those opportunities deserve consideration. But our dispersed geography also means personal vehicles will remain the practical choice for many residents.

Maintaining the services and infrastructure residents rely on, while keeping taxes affordable, requires careful prioritization, tough decision-making and a long-term approach to municipal finances.

Hanover has aging infrastructure, requiring significant investment over the coming years. Roads, water and wastewater systems, municipal facilities and other assets all have ongoing maintenance and eventual replacement costs. Delaying necessary work will ultimately make those costs considerably higher.

At the same time, we need to evaluate projects against one another. Just because a project is worthwhile doesn’t automatically mean it should become a spending priority. Council should rely on thorough staff analysis, ask questions about alternatives and timing, and make decisions based on the community’s overall needs rather than whichever issue is attracting the most attention at a particular moment.

Sometimes that will mean making an investment now to avoid greater costs later. Other times, it will mean delaying a project—even a popular one—because the need isn’t sufficiently urgent.

Responsible financial management means understanding those trade-offs and making deliberate, informed choices that protect both the services residents depend on and their ability to afford them.

Data centres are receiving enormous attention, but Hanover should keep the issue in perspective. The possibility of one coming to our community in the near future is, let’s be honest, pretty remote.

Any proposal—should one eventually come to Hanover—should be evaluated on its merits, like other industrial investments. A data centre could bring substantial private investment and employment opportunities, but also place demands on infrastructure and create disruptions for neighbouring properties. There are also risks if a major project falls through after the municipality has committed resources to supporting it.

Municipal incentives and infrastructure commitments would require particular scrutiny. A data centre, in my opinion, does not automatically justify a public subsidy the way an auto-plant might receive, because the employment impact on the community isn’t nearly as significant.

Above all else: transparency matters. Unlike what we’ve seen in some other communities, I would not sign a non-disclosure agreement preventing discussion of a proposed development with residents because public accountability should not be traded away.

We should neither demonize an industry nor rush to attract it at any cost. The test is whether the complete proposal would leave Hanover better off.

Housing availability is important to Hanover’s future, particularly our ability to attract and retain younger families who want to establish themselves and build their lives in our community.

Much of what determines housing affordability lies outside municipal control. Construction costs, financing and broader market conditions influence what can be built and what buyers can afford. Council needs to recognize those realities rather than promise that zoning alone will solve the problem.

But planning and zoning still matter. Hanover should examine where municipal rules create avoidable barriers to housing that residents need, and whether servicing and infrastructure plans provide enough room for development at the right time.

Grey County also has an important role in affordable and supportive housing, homelessness services and long-term care. Hanover should work closely with the County to support these initiatives and ensure local needs are represented, rather than duplicating services that residents already fund through County taxes.

I would focus on maintaining a sensible supply of developable land, avoiding unnecessary municipal costs, and making sure our planning decisions support housing that people want and can afford.

Addressing homelessness effectively starts with understanding the responsibilities of each level of government. Grey County manages social services and housing programs, and Hanover residents contribute toward those services through the County levy.

Creating separate Town programs to fill gaps can leave taxpayers paying twice for overlapping services and result in inefficient service delivery. But it also doesn’t mean Hanover Council can ignore the effects of homelessness in our community.

The Town should understand the needs residents and service providers are seeing locally, maintain relationships with community organizations and communicate service gaps clearly to the County. Where needs aren’t being met, Hanover must advocate for an appropriate response and identify which services that fall within the Town mandate can further support these residents.

That advocacy matters across a county of varied communities. Hanover’s challenges won’t always look the same as those in Owen Sound or elsewhere, and we need to make sure they receive appropriate attention.

To be clear: the boundary adjustment didn’t give Hanover land to develop. It brought additional privately owned properties within the Town’s boundaries. Those properties still belong to their current private owners, and being part of Hanover doesn’t mean they can or need to be developed immediately.

The adjustment provides room to plan for growth over the coming decades.

Responsible growth requires balancing two risks. If planning begins too late, Hanover could lack sufficient serviced land when new housing or employment opportunities arise. The precursors to development—planning, environmental assessments and major infrastructure improvements—can take years to complete.

But moving too quickly is also costly. Extending water, wastewater and roads to areas where development won’t happen for years will leave existing taxpayers paying for infrastructure long before the land need (and additional tax revenue) arrives.

Hanover should plan well ahead, understand existing system capacity and work with owners and developers to phase investment according to demonstrated need. Land can be prepared for future development while remaining in agricultural use.

Respect for property owners matters. The Town’s growth plans should work with willing landowners, respecting their right to decide if and when they want to develop or sell their property.

I’m a family man who is personally invested in making sure Hanover continues to be a community where people can thrive. If elected to Council, I will be a voice for people at every stage of life, and for Hanover’s future generations. I will be dedicated to: creating attainable and affordable housing that is in reach for young families, workers and seniors; standing up for taxpayers by promoting responsible spending; maintaining and investing in infrastructure that attracts and supports professionals, business and industry; standing behind our youth by supporting affordable recreation, mentorship and skill building; embracing part of what makes Hanover a great place to live, by protecting our trails, parks and community spaces; being accessible, listening to residents, and representing the priorities of Hanover, at Town Council.

My experience serving the public for over fifteen years as a family entertainer at countless community events, as well as having been a member of a church choir for five years, provides me with valuable communication, interpersonal and public engagement skills. These experiences have taught me the importance of connecting with people from diverse backgrounds, listening to others, building relationships, and contributing positively to the community. I believe these are valuable skills in representing residents, understanding their concerns, and working collaboratively to help make our town a better place for everyone.

I believe effective decision-making starts with listening to residents, understanding their concerns, and considering different perspectives. If elected to Council I will approach decisions with an open mind, a willingness to collaborate, and a commitment to acting in the best interests of our community. I will be a councillor who is out in the community putting in the work, voicing the priorities that are dear to the heart of our community, and taking action.

In order to address cost of living concerns Hanover must work to provide more attainable and affordable housing options. I would advocate for zoning land to allow for medium density housing. I will go more in depth about affordable housing in the questions to come.

Another way to address this is by curbing property tax increases. We need voices on council to speak on responsible spending – especially as the town adjusts to the major projects and financial commitments we’ve already undertaken and will need to undergo in the near future.

Affordable recreation is another important aspect for our community. Looking at alternative funding opportunities, such as seeking sponsorships from local businesses and fundraising, is one way to ensure these services remain accessible.

Hanover’s property taxes have endured significant and recurring annual increases. The Town has approved major projects and commitments that are causing financial pressures. We are undertaking sequential fire and police facility replacements, while paying off our newly annexed lands with annual instalments of $500 000 for the next 20 years.

If elected to council, I will: carefully prioritize new projects, considering the full long-term financial commitment of major investments; challenge unnecessary spending and ensure that every tax dollar is providing value to residents; scrutinize the 2027 municipal budget and ask the tough questions.

I think the number one issue Hanover is facing as a town is general affordability. For a long time now wage increases haven’t matched the rate at which cost of living has increased. There are many workers within our numerous retail and food establishments that cannot afford the homes that we are building – we need future residential development to include a mix of more attainable and affordable housing. We also need to attract better industry within our municipality to provide stable jobs and strengthen our local economy. 

I would support collaborating with other counties with the goal of creating a transit system between the four counties, however I would like to know the annual cost attributed to this proposed transit system and what kind of infrastructure it would require. 

At the same time that we want to see new infrastructure being built in Hanover, we need to place some priority on maintaining our current infrastructure. Before we over extend ourselves in pursuit of growth, we need to think about what we can realistically maintain, while still keeping in mind the cost of living for our residents. 

Municipalities can prepare by determining and taking an immediate stance against having one built – not only near our municipality, but near any populated areas. The devastation from noise pollution, light pollution, water pollution, as well as water and electricity consumption, are already heavily documented side effects seen in other communities where data centres were built nearby. These are only the beginning of the potential downsides of these developments as it is relatively new infrastructure. We do not yet know the long-term impacts on the environment and residential life.

Council has an important role in planning ahead and ensuring that our Official Plan and zoning provide for a mix of housing types and densities – including more attainable options such as townhouses, multiplexes and stacked townhouses – while continuing to allow traditional detached homes.

Hanover’s Official Plan review is currently underway, which provides the council with an opportunity to participate in discussions and propose or support changes regarding housing objectives in our community.

Hanover is also currently completing a Housing Needs Assessment that will help inform future housing planning and decision-making.

Council can also use the findings from our current Development Charges Study to carefully weigh the benefits and drawbacks of development charges versus offering development charge relief. This will help us make informed decisions that balance the costs of growth with the goal of encouraging development and keeping housing more attainable in Hanover.

As a member of council I would familiarize myself with all the organizations in Hanover and the surrounding area that are working on poverty. I would seek the perspective and guidance of experts, volunteers, and people with lived experience, to learn what approaches should be pursued.

A preventative step that I would take would be continuing support for youth programs that provide our young residents with the skills and confidence to succeed in life.

I would also advocate for bringing our community together to address homelessness by participating in local fundraisers.

Hanover’s border expansion is a generational opportunity for Hanover to shape its future. I want to see these lands developed thoughtfully and in phases, with a mix of housing options and employment opportunities that strengthen our local economy while respecting the character of Hanover.

As Hanover expands we will need to plan ahead and ensure our infrastructure and services can accommodate a higher population. There are major Wastewater Treatment Plant upgrades underway; the Hanover & District Hospital has submitted its proposal to the Ontario Ministry of Health for Emergency Department renovations but final approval remains outstanding; our school classrooms are already near capacity.

Just as importantly – growth must be financially responsible. We need to make sure we’re planning for the long-term costs of development and protecting existing taxpayers from unnecessary financial pressures.

As a candidate for Hanover Town council I have made it a priority in my community outreach to listen to their thoughts and ideas about what they hope to see in Hanover’s future.